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Palaeoloxodon falconeri
''Palaeoloxodon falconeri'' (also known as ''Elephas falconeri'', or more commonly as the Pygmy Elephant) is an extinct Siculo-Maltese species of elephant closely related to the modern Asian elephant. In 1867, George Busk had proposed the species ''Elephas falconeri'' for many of the smallest molars selected from the material originally ascribed by Hugh Falconer to ''Palaeoloxodon melitensis''.〔Busk, G. (1867). (''Description of the remains of three extinct species of elephant, collected by Capt. Spratt, C.B.R.N., in the ossiferous cavern of Zebbug, in the island of Malta'' ). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 6: 227–306.〕〔Palombo, M.R. (2001). (''Endemic elephants of the Mediterranean Islands: knowledge, problems and perspectives'' ). The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress (October 16–20 2001, Rome): 486–491.〕
This island-bound elephant was an example of insular dwarfism, reaching only 90 cm (3 ft) in height. ''P. falconeris ancestors most likely reached the Mediterranean islands during the ice age when the sea levels were lower, allowing a land bridge from the mainland.
==Mythology==
The belief in Cyclopes may be originated in ''P. falconeri'' skulls found in Sicily. As early as the 14th century, scholars had noted that the nasal cavity could be mistaken for a singular giant eye socket.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/mythic-creatures/land-creatures-of-the-earth/greek-giants )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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